:root {
            --primary-blue: #1E73C9;
            --dark-blue: #14204A;
            --navy-blue: #0F1A3A;
            --search-blue: #1570C8;
            --light-grey: #F6F7F9;
            --border-grey: #DDDDDD;
            --text-dark: #0F1A3A;
            --text-grey: #6D6D6D;
            --green: #2FA84F;
            --footer-blue: #001A33;
            --white: #FFFFFF;
            --green-accent: #4CAF50;
        }
        
        body {
            font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
            color: var(--text-dark);
            line-height: 1.6;
        }
        #navlogo{
            width: 250px;
        }
        
        h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
            font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
            font-weight: 700;
        }
        
        /* === MAIN HEADER STYLES === */
        .main-header {
            background-color: var(--white);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-grey);
            padding: 12px 0;
        }
        
        /* Logo Section */
        .logo-container {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
        }
        
        .logo-icon {
            background-color: var(--primary-blue);
            color: white;
            width: 40px;
            height: 40px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            font-size: 1.2rem;
            margin-right: 12px;
        }
        
        .logo-text {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
        }
        
        .logo-main {
            color: var(--navy-blue);
            font-weight: 700;
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            line-height: 1.2;
        }
        
        .logo-tagline {
            color: var(--text-grey);
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            line-height: 1.2;
        }
        
        /* Search Bar Section */
        .search-section {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
        }
        
        .search-container {
            display: flex;
            max-width: 500px;
            width: 100%;
            height: 40px;
            border-radius: 4px;
            overflow: hidden;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-grey);
        }
        
        .search-dropdown {
            background-color: var(--white);
            border: none;
            border-right: 1px solid var(--border-grey);
            padding: 0 15px;
            color: var(--text-dark);
            font-weight: 500;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            cursor: pointer;
            min-width: 100px;
        }
        
        .search-input {
            border: none;
            flex-grow: 1;
            padding: 0 15px;
            font-size: 0.95rem;
        }
        
        .search-input:focus {
            outline: none;
        }
        
        .search-btn {
            background-color: var(--search-blue);
            color: white;
            border: none;
            padding: 0 20px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
        }
        
        /* Utility Links */
        .utility-links {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: flex-end;
            gap: 20px;
        }
        
        .utility-link {
            color: var(--navy-blue);
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: 500;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            transition: color 0.2s;
        }
        
        .utility-link:hover {
            color: var(--primary-blue);
            text-decoration: none;
        }
        
        /* === SUB HEADER / NAVIGATION BAR === */
        .sub-header {
            background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-blue) 0%, var(--primary-blue) 30%, var(--dark-blue) 30%, var(--dark-blue) 100%);
            color: white;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        .journal-selector {
            background-color: var(--primary-blue);
            padding: 12px 20px;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            height: 100%;
            position: relative;
        }
        
        .journal-info {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        
        .journal-icon {
            font-size: 1rem;
        }
        
        .journal-name {
            font-weight: 600;
            font-size: 1rem;
            max-width: 200px;
            white-space: nowrap;
            overflow: hidden;
            text-overflow: ellipsis;
        }
        
        .journal-dropdown-icon {
            margin-left: 5px;
            font-size: 0.8rem;
        }
        
        /* Journal Dropdown Menu */
        .journal-dropdown {
            position: absolute;
            top: 100%;
            left: 0;
            background-color: white;
            min-width: 300px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
            border-radius: 4px;
            z-index: 1000;
            display: none;
            padding: 10px 0;
        }
        
        .journal-selector:hover .journal-dropdown {
            display: block;
        }
        
        .journal-dropdown-item {
            padding: 12px 20px;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-grey);
            display: block;
            text-decoration: none;
            transition: background-color 0.2s;
        }
        
        .journal-dropdown-item:hover {
            background-color: var(--light-grey);
            text-decoration: none;
        }
        
        .journal-dropdown-item .journal-title {
            color: var(--text-dark);
            font-weight: 600;
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            margin-bottom: 4px;
        }
        
        .journal-dropdown-item .journal-description {
            color: var(--text-grey);
            font-size: 0.85rem;
            line-height: 1.4;
        }
        
        .view-all-journals {
            color: var(--primary-blue);
            font-weight: 600;
            padding: 12px 20px;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            border-top: 1px solid var(--border-grey);
            margin-top: 5px;
        }
        
        /* Navigation Menu */
        .nav-menu {
            background-color: var(--dark-blue);
            padding: 0 20px;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            height: 100%;
            gap: 30px;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 30px;
            list-style: none;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary > li {
            position: relative;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary > li > a {
            color: white;
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: 500;
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            padding: 14px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
            position: relative;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary > li > a:hover {
            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
            text-decoration: none;
        }
        
       .custom_nav_primary > li:has(ul) > a::after {
            content: '▼';
            font-size: 0.7rem;
            margin-left: 6px;
        }

        
        /* Dropdown for nested menus */
        .custom_nav_primary ul {
            position: absolute;
            top: 100%;
            left: 0;
            background-color: white;
            min-width: 200px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
            border-radius: 4px;
            z-index: 1000;
            display: none;
            padding: 10px 0;
            list-style: none;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary li:hover > ul {
            display: block;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary ul li {
            width: 100%;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary ul a {
            color: var(--text-dark);
            padding: 10px 20px;
            display: block;
            text-decoration: none;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            transition: background-color 0.2s;
        }
        
        .custom_nav_primary ul a:hover {
            background-color: var(--light-grey);
            color: var(--primary-blue);
        }
        
        .submit-article-btn {
            background-color: var(--primary-blue);
            color: white;
            border: none;
            padding: 8px 20px;
            border-radius: 4px;
            font-weight: 600;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            transition: background-color 0.2s;
            white-space: nowrap;
        }
        
        .submit-article-btn:hover {
            background-color: #1560b0;
            color: white;
        }
        
        /* Journal Header Section */
        .journal-header {
            background-color: white;
            padding: 40px 0;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-grey);
        }
        
        .journal-title-large {
            color: var(--dark-blue);
            font-size: 2.5rem;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }
        
        .journal-description-large {
            color: var(--text-grey);
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            max-width: 800px;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
        
        .btn-primary-custom {
            background-color: var(--primary-blue);
            color: white;
            border-radius: 5px;
            padding: 10px 25px;
            font-weight: 600;
            border: none;
        }
        
        .btn-primary-custom:hover {
            background-color: var(--dark-blue);
            color: white;
        }
        
        /* Responsive adjustments */
        @media (max-width: 992px) {
            .main-header .row {
                flex-direction: column;
                gap: 15px;
            }
            
            .search-section {
                order: 3;
                width: 100%;
            }
            
            .utility-links {
                justify-content: center;
                order: 2;
            }
            
            .logo-container {
                justify-content: center;
                text-align: center;
                order: 1;
            }
            
            .sub-header {
                background: var(--dark-blue);
            }
            
            .journal-selector {
                background-color: var(--dark-blue);
                justify-content: center;
            }
            
            .custom_nav_primary {
                flex-wrap: wrap;
                justify-content: center;
                gap: 15px;
                padding: 10px;
            }
            
            .custom_nav_primary > li > a {
                padding: 5px 0;
            }
        }
        
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
            .journal-title-large {
                font-size: 1.8rem;
            }
            
            .journal-dropdown {
                min-width: 250px;
            }
        }
        
        @media (max-width: 576px) {
            .custom_nav_primary {
                flex-direction: column;
                gap: 10px;
                align-items: center;
            }
            
            .custom_nav_primary > li > a {
                padding: 8px 0;
            }
            
            .journal-selector {
                padding: 8px 10px;
            }
            
            .journal-name {
                max-width: 150px;
            }
        }
           .logo-container {
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
            }

            .header-logo {
                width: 180px;        /* change as needed */
                height: 90px;        /* change as needed */
                object-fit: contain; /* prevents distortion */
            }

            .header-logo-text {
                font-size: 24px;
                font-weight: 600;
                text-decoration: none;
                color: #000;
            }
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
                .header-logo {
                    width: 140px;
                    height: auto;
                }
            }